Health conditions

A

Acid reflux (GORD) Stomach acid flowing back up into the oesophagus, causing heartburn (pyrosis) and regurgitation, due to a malfunction of… Anaemia A drop in the haemoglobin level in the blood, reducing oxygen transport to tissues, most often caused by… Autoimmune diseases and diet Conditions in which the immune system attacks the body's own tissues, and for which diet plays a variable…

C

Cardiovascular health The overall working of the heart and blood vessels, where disease risk is shaped by blood pressure, blood… Coeliac disease A chronic autoimmune disease in which eating gluten triggers an immune reaction that gradually destroys the lining of… Constipation A bowel disorder marked by infrequent, hard or difficult-to-pass stools, often linked to diet, hydration, a sedentary lifestyle…

D

Diarrhoea and diet The passing of frequent, liquid stools, for which dietary management relies first on rehydration, then on choosing suitable…

H

Hepatic steatosis (non-alcoholic fatty liver) An excessive build-up of fat in the liver not linked to alcohol, often silent, now the most widespread… High blood pressure (hypertension) A chronic rise in the pressure of blood in the arteries (140/90 mmHg or more in the clinic),… Hypercholesterolaemia (high cholesterol) A high level of cholesterol in the blood, particularly LDL, a cardiovascular risk factor whose causes combine genetics,… Hypochlorhydria Insufficient production of stomach acid, which impairs protein digestion and the absorption of iron, vitamin B12, calcium and…

I

Insulin resistance A state in which cells respond poorly to insulin, forcing the pancreas to produce more, a precursor of… Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) A chronic functional digestive disorder characterised by abdominal pain, bloating and bowel habit changes (diarrhoea, constipation), with no…

M

Metabolic syndrome A cluster of simultaneous risk factors (large waist, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, high triglycerides, low HDL)…

O

Obesity A chronic disease characterised by an excess of body fat that harms health, classically defined by a BMI… Osteoporosis A bone disease characterised by reduced density and deterioration of bone structure, increasing the risk of fractures, particularly…

P

PPIs (proton pump inhibitors) Medicines that strongly reduce stomach acid secretion, very effective for reflux, but whose prolonged use affects the absorption… Prediabetes An intermediate state where blood sugar is higher than normal without reaching the diabetes threshold, a reversible warning…

S

Sarcopenia Progressive age-related loss of muscle mass and strength, starting from age 30 and accelerating after 60, with major…

T

Type 1 diabetes An autoimmune disease in which the immune system destroys the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas, causing a complete… Type 2 diabetes A chronic metabolic disease characterised by lasting high blood glucose resulting from insulin resistance combined with a gradual…