Xylitol
A polyol (sugar alcohol) with sweetening power close to sugar but a very low glycaemic index, known for its benefits for teeth and extracted notably from birch.
Xylitol is a polyol (sugar alcohol) naturally present in small amounts in many fruits and vegetables, and produced industrially (often from birch or maize). It is as sweet as sugar but has ~40% fewer calories and a very low glycaemic index (~7 against ~65 for sugar).
The original angle (an ally for teeth, proven): xylitol is one of the few sweeteners with documented health benefits beyond replacing sugar, notably for dental health. The bacteria responsible for cavities (Streptococcus mutans) cannot ferment xylitol: it does not feed them and even disrupts their metabolism. Xylitol in chewing gum and toothpaste reduces cavities, a recognised effect (a health claim authorised in the EU).
The downside (laxative effect and FODMAP): like other polyols, xylitol is partly fermented in the colon. In excess, it causes bloating, wind and a laxative effect. It is a FODMAP, so sensitive people or those with IBS tolerate it poorly. Introduce it gradually.
⚠️ Deadly to dogs: a crucial and little-known safety point: xylitol is highly toxic to dogs (and ferrets). In them it triggers a massive release of insulin, severe hypoglycaemia and potentially fatal liver damage, even at a low dose. A xylitol chewing gum or cake left within a dog’s reach can kill it. Keep it strictly out of their reach.
Use: table sweetener, chewing gum, toothpaste, “sugar-free” products. It can be used in baking (it withstands heat), but watch the dose (laxative effect).